Diabetes poses a growing health challenge for women of reproductive age, with potential consequences for maternal, fetal, and neonatal well-being. In Plateau State, inadequate health literacy, dietary challenges, inconsistent medication use, irregular glucose monitoring, and limited engagement with antenatal and postpartum services may compromise effective self-care.

This study assessed diabetes knowledge and self-care practices among women of reproductive age attending selected health facilities in Plateau State, Nigeria, and examined factors associated with better knowledge and self-care.

A cross-sectional facility-based study was conducted among 200 women aged 15–49 years with diagnosed diabetes across selected primary and secondary health facilities in three Local Government Areas. Data were collected using a structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from established diabetes knowledge and self-care measures. Data were analysed using SPSS version 26. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to determine associations at p < 0.05.

Overall, 62.5% of participants demonstrated poor diabetes knowledge, while 37.5% had adequate knowledge. Regular blood glucose monitoring was reported by 28%, dietary adherence by 33%, consistent medication use by 41%, and physical activity by 24%. Only 18% had received preconception counselling, while 54% could not recognize early warning signs of hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia. Educational level, previous diabetes education, and duration of diagnosis were significantly associated with better knowledge and self-care. Women who had received structured diabetes education were three times more likely to practise appropriate self-care.

Knowledge of diabetes and self-care practices was inadequate. Integrating structured, culturally appropriate, and woman-centred diabetes education into antenatal, postnatal, and family-planning services may strengthen self-management and improve reproductive health outcomes.

To be Updated